The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: an update and current controversies

Abstract

 The chapter of the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), almost unchanged since the early 80’s, has been recognizing over the last years a revival of scientific and clinical  interest, following increasing advances, and currently represents one of the main developing fields of neurological research. In this review we report the most recent evidence in the field, mainly based on the use of neurobiological markers of disease, as well as  the current most debated issues, such as the impact of markers on the diagnostic workup and their incremental diagnostic value with respect to early diagnosis in typical cases and in those characterized by comorbidities or association with brain vascular pathology (mixed forms).